Distressing memories, feeling on edge or have trouble sleeping after this type of event is normal. Initially it may be hard to resume normal daily activities without these experiences interfering.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom however, most people start to feel better after a few weeks or months. If however, several months later someone is still experiencing these symptoms, it is possible that they have PTSD.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom the symptoms of PTSD however can also have a delayed onset, and they may ebb and flow over time depending upon other life events and circumstances.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

PTSD can happen to anyone. It is not a sign of weakness. The factors that increase the chance that someone will develop PTSD are complex and often not under that person’s control, and may be related to features of the trauma itself.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom for example, traumatic events that are intense and last for longer make it more likely that a person will devleop PTSD, as does sustaining a physical injury. 2, 3 PTSD is also more prevalent after certain types of trauma, like combat and sexual assault 4.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

The symptoms of PTSD may occur soon after a traumatic event, or they may not appear until months or even years later. The symptoms may also come and go over many years.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom if the symptoms are present for more than four weeks and cause the person distress, or interfere with work or home life, it is worth consulting a psychologist to determine if the person has PTSD.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

(iii) negative beliefs and feelings.Trauma affects the way a person thinks about themselves and the world in a negative way. People with PTSD experience more pronounced negative beliefs and feelings.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom intense feelings of guilt and shame are common. After a traumatic event the world can suddenly seem dangerous and others untrustworthy. People often describe feeling numb, and can find it hard to feel happy, or simply lose interest in activities they used to enjoy.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

(iv) hyper-arousal (feeling worked up or agitated). People suffering from PTSD often describe feeling alert and constantly on the lookout for danger.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom hyper-arousal can be associated with outbursts of anger or irritability, startling easily, or acting in impulsive or reckless ways (such as spending too much money, using alcohol and other drugs, or reckless driving) (7).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom high levels of arousal also tends to interfere with sleep and concentration.

Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a cognitive-behavioural treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which was developed in the late 1980s.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom it has been shown to be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms related to a variety of traumatic events including child abuse, combat, rape and natural disasters.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom CPT is endorsed by the U.S. Departments of veterans affairs and defence, as well as the international society of traumatic stress studies, as a best practice for the treatment of PTSD.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

Cognitive processing therapy recognises that that it is normal for people to have psychological reactions to traumatic events, over time these reactions generally resolve without intervention.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom in the CPT model, PTSD occurs when something gets in the way of the natural recovery after trauma. Often it is a person’s beliefs about why the traumatic event happened that causes them difficulties.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom these beliefs causes people to feel strong emotions, which then tends to lead to avoidance (of anything associated with the trauma) and then prevents clear thinking about the trauma.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom CPT focuses upon how the person’s understanding of the traumatic event and their experiences in the aftermath. CPT is aimed at helping the individual develop more helpful and balanced beliefs about the trauma.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom