Patients with OSA experience repetitive episodes of partial or complete occlusion of the upper-airway during sleep. This is caused by abnormal relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles during sleep.Cognitive learning ppt OSA sufferers usually snore, and may wake up gasping or choking. However, many people with OSA are unaware of any disturbance of their sleep.Cognitive learning ppt OSA is a common cause of excessive daytime tiredness, fatigue and poor concentration.

Obstructive sleep apnoea has detrimental effects on sleep-quality and health, and increases the risk of obesity, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack, type-2 diabetes, depression, impotence, mood disorders, and motor vehicle and industrial accidents.Cognitive learning ppt if you suspect that you have OSA or you have symptoms of OSA, you should see your general practitioner. You may then be referred for a sleep-study so that you can be investigated for OSA and other sleep-disorders, so that suitable treatment can be implemented if necessary.Cognitive learning ppt risk factors

It is difficult to specify exactly how many australians suffer from OSA. It is generally thought however that around 9% of women and 25% of men in australia have clinically significant OSA and that 4% of men and women have symptomatic OSA.Cognitive learning ppt the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in australia is probably increasing due to the 'obesity epidemic'. Despite this, a large proportion of australians with OSA remain undiagnosed and untreated.Cognitive learning ppt

• cognitive function and quality of life – prolonged periods of poor sleep and sleep-deprivation in OSA sufferers can lead to depression, anxiety, lack of motivation, impaired memory and concentration, mood and behavioural changes.Cognitive learning ppt OSA sufferers who are excessively sleepy during the day are also at high risk of motor vehicle accidents. Daytime tiredness can also affect study, work performance and personal relationships

cognitive learning ppt

The most appropriate treatment for OSA varies according to the severity of OSA, age, body-weight, degree of daytime sleepiness, alcohol-consumption, medical history and the anatomy of the upper airway.Cognitive learning ppt A sleep physician is a doctor who specialises in treating patients with OSA and other sleep-disorders, and who is qualified to help sufferers make an informed decision about which treatment is the most appropriate.Cognitive learning ppt

Treatment for OSA should be individualised, and may involve continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, an oral appliance, surgery (in selected patients), or other medical therapies (such as weight loss, change of sleep-position, improved sleep-habits, change in alcohol consumption, cessation of smoking, and measures to improve nasal airflow).Cognitive learning ppt emergeing therapies such as provent therapy and the nightshift device can be prescribed alongside adopting different sleep-positions, improving sleep-habits, reducing alcohol-consumption, ceasing smoking and improving nasal air-flow.Cognitive learning ppt continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

The most successful therapeutic intervention for obstructive sleep apnoea is called continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP – pronounced “see pap”).Cognitive learning ppt CPAP treatment involves using a small machine to pump air at a continuous pressure through a mask worn over your mouth, nose or both. This pressure acts as a pneumatic splint to the airway - holding it open and preventing it from closing during sleep - while still allowing for normal breathing.Cognitive learning ppt

Provent is a new device for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring. The treatment uses small, disposable, adhesive devices that cover the nostrils.Cognitive learning ppt microvalves control the amount of airflow in and out of the nasal passage, increasing the air-pressure inside the airways (creating an expiratory positive airway pressure, or EPAP).Cognitive learning ppt the EPAP prevents the airway from collapsing. Provent is suitable for patients who do not tolerate CPAP or have mild severity sleep apnoea and snoring.Cognitive learning ppt

Nightshift is a device that is used to reduce the amount of time the wearer spends sleeping on their back (where most patients are more susceptible to snoring).Cognitive learning ppt nightshift provides feedback in the form of vibrations to discourage the patient from rolling over onto their back, keeping them in an exclusively lateral sleep position.Cognitive learning ppt the device monitors sleeping-position as well as the decibel-level of snoring. This feedback is initiated only after the patient falls asleep.Cognitive learning ppt the frequency and intensity of the vibration feedback adapts to meet the requirements of each user. Nightshift combined with provent therapy can be a successful conservative treatment for mild-to-moderate OSA.Cognitive learning ppt medical therapies: conservative treatments

Positional therapy (exclusively lateral sleep): obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring are almost always worse when a patient is sleeping on their back (or particularly, with the head in this position).Cognitive learning ppt this is because the back of the tongue and muscles of the pharynx block the airway more easily in this position mainly because our muscles relax during sleep and in the supine head-position, the tongue then sags backwards under the influence of gravity.Cognitive learning ppt sleeping with the head on the side, and by learning to sleep exclusively on the side, many patients with OSA can significantly improve their condition and in patients with strongly positional OSA or snoring, lateral sleep is sometimes the only treatment required (this can be established by performing a proper overnight sleep study such as SNORE australia provides)

cognitive learning ppt

Cessation of tobacco smoking: in addition to causing cancer and being a major health risk, tobacco smoke causes the walls of airways to retain fluid and swell (this is called oedema).Cognitive learning ppt this causes the airway space to become narrow, worsening obstructive sleep apnoea. Smokers are 4 to 5 times more likely than non-smokers to have obstructive sleep apnoea.Cognitive learning ppt nicotine also contributes to insomnia and poor sleep-habits

Alcohol is a sedative that promotes muscle relaxation, including relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles during sleep.Cognitive learning ppt this results in snoring and OSA becoming worse. Reducing regular or peak alcohol can reduce the severity of snoring and OSA; an alternative approach in selected patients with a variable alcohol intake (eg, on weekends only) is for specific treatments such as CPAP to be used only on nights when high amounts of alcohol are consumed

cognitive learning ppt

Measures to improve nasal airflow may be beneficial in patients prone to nasal allergies or troublesome nasal congestion at night-time. These measures may involve the regular use of nasal sprays (FESS, intra-nasal steroids), other medications such as antihistamines, or other interventions recommended by a sleep physician, ENT specialist, allergist or the patient’s general practitioner

cognitive learning ppt

A special type of oral appliance, called a mandibular advancement splint (MAS) is sometimes prescribed for people with mild obstructive sleep apnoea.Cognitive learning ppt these fit into your mouth like a mouth-guard, and generally work by holding the lower jaw forward, so as to create extra room in the pharynx for the tongue.Cognitive learning ppt these devices are generally not suitable for patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea; however some patients experience a reduction in their snoring.Cognitive learning ppt the side-effects of oral appliances can include excessive salivation (drooling), temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) pain and over time, altered bite and dental problems.Cognitive learning ppt tongue appliances

Around 10-20 years ago, surgery was considered to be a quick fix for obstructive sleep apnoea; however it is now evident that the long-term success rate of surgery is low, and CPAP is now considered the 'gold standard' treatment for this condition.Cognitive learning ppt the goal of surgical intervention for OSA is to increase the size of the airway, either at the nasal passages or at the rear of the throat. Specific ENT interventions are appropropriate for certain patients.Cognitive learning ppt medications