Newborn screening is used just after birth to identify genetic disorders that can be treated early in life. Millions of babies are tested each year in the united states.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom all states currently test infants for phenylketonuria (a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability if left untreated) and congenital hypothyroidism (a disorder of the thyroid gland).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom most states also test for other genetic disorders. Diagnostic testing

Diagnostic testing is used to identify or rule out a specific genetic or chromosomal condition.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom in many cases, genetic testing is used to confirm a diagnosis when a particular condition is suspected based on physical signs and symptoms.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom diagnostic testing can be performed before birth or at any time during a person's life, but is not available for all genes or all genetic conditions.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom the results of a diagnostic test can influence a person's choices about health care and the management of the disorder. Carrier testing

Carrier testing is used to identify people who carry one copy of a gene mutation that, when present in two copies, causes a genetic disorder.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this type of testing is offered to individuals who have a family history of a genetic disorder and to people in certain ethnic groups with an increased risk of specific genetic conditions.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom if both parents are tested, the test can provide information about a couple's risk of having a child with a genetic condition. Prenatal testing

cognitive learning theory in the classroom

Prenatal testing is used to detect changes in a fetus's genes or chromosomes before birth. This type of testing is offered during pregnancy if there is an increased risk that the baby will have a genetic or chromosomal disorder.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom in some cases, prenatal testing can lessen a couple's uncertainty or help them make decisions about a pregnancy. It cannot identify all possible inherited disorders and birth defects, however.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom preimplantation testing

Preimplantation testing, also called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), is a specialized technique that can reduce the risk of having a child with a particular genetic or chromosomal disorder.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom it is used to detect genetic changes in embryos that were created using assisted reproductive techniques such as in-vitro fertilization. In-vitro fertilization involves removing egg cells from a woman’s ovaries and fertilizing them with sperm cells outside the body.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom to perform preimplantation testing, a small number of cells are taken from these embryos and tested for certain genetic changes. Only embryos without these changes are implanted in the uterus to initiate a pregnancy.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom predictive and presymptomatic testing

Predictive and presymptomatic types of testing are used to detect gene mutations associated with disorders that appear after birth, often later in life.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom these tests can be helpful to people who have a family member with a genetic disorder, but who have no features of the disorder themselves at the time of testing.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom predictive testing can identify mutations that increase a person's risk of developing disorders with a genetic basis, such as certain types of cancer.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom presymptomatic testing can determine whether a person will develop a genetic disorder, such as hereditary hemochromatosis (an iron overload disorder), before any signs or symptoms appear.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom the results of predictive and presymptomatic testing can provide information about a person’s risk of developing a specific disorder and help with making decisions about medical care.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom forensic testing

Forensic testing uses DNA sequences to identify an individual for legal purposes. Unlike the tests described above, forensic testing is not used to detect gene mutations associated with disease.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this type of testing can identify crime or catastrophe victims, rule out or implicate a crime suspect, or establish biological relationships between people (for example, paternity).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom