5. Map, compass, watch, cell phone and GPS . Don't take navigation for granted just because it's only a day hike. ( hikers at tahoe have been lost only 1 mile from the main road.Social learning and social cognitive theory it can happen.) ten miles from the car is still 10 miles into the back country. A GPS is of great benefit however, it should not replace a map, compass and an analogue watch.Social learning and social cognitive theory do not forget extra batteries. Remember in the winter, batteries drain faster. Updated sept 2016

6. Water treatment. A bottle of iodine tablets or other chemical treatment adds mere ounces to your pack, but pays off on long days when you're constantly refilling your tanks.Social learning and social cognitive theory water purification pumps or water straws also work well. They are a little heavier and may freeze during the winter. Carring some type of boiling vessel is highly recommended.Social learning and social cognitive theory in boiling, you do not hvae to boil the water for 5 minutes. As long as the water comes to a rolling boil, that will be long enough to kill all pathogens in the water.Social learning and social cognitive theory

10. Fire. This should be number 2. Lighter or matches in a waterproof container along with a candle. Trixoine tables will light with a spark kit even when wet. (butane does not work in very cold temperatures with out first warming it up.) I prefer a steel and flint striker along with vaseline and cotton balls.Social learning and social cognitive theory always carry more than one way to light a fire. I carry a ferro rod in my paracord neck strap. This is always with me. I perfer 3 ways. 20 feb. 2009

social learning and social cognitive theory

12. Knife . A good full tang knife is a must in all survival situations. Pocket knives are OK but do not stand up to the rigors of out door situations.Social learning and social cognitive theory A knife can be carried several different ways depending on the size of the knife. Scout carry, chest carry, hip carry, it can be carried on your pack or on a chest pack.Social learning and social cognitive theory I perfer the scout carry which is horizontal in the small of the back. This allows for a quick draw. I also carry a smaller pocket knife in my pocket.Social learning and social cognitive theory

13. Cordage . I have added cordage to a survival item. Dental floss is great. This is stong and there is a lot of it in a package. It can be used for sewing up wounds if need be.Social learning and social cognitive theory in addition, it can be used for traps and lashing together cross members for a shelter. I also like to carry paracord. It is very strong and can be carried as a belt if correctly tied.Social learning and social cognitive theory I carry around all the time. I have it as a braclet, rifle sling, camera sling and even on my belt. One should carry at least 25 feet of para-cord in their survival gear.Social learning and social cognitive theory the strands in the paracord can be used for traps, sutures, floss, sewing or what ever you can think up. There is a new type of carrier for paracord.Social learning and social cognitive theory it also has a place for a small lighter to burn the ends of the cord as well as another fire source. I carry one in all my bags. It can also be worn attached to a pant loop.Social learning and social cognitive theory learn knots. Amazing things can be built with paracord.

Cell phones and recco devices. Covered earlier: cells phones have come a long way since this site has started.Social learning and social cognitive theory there is are so many things you can do with a phone. It can be used as a flash light, compass, gps, mapping, calling home and more. It is important to remember that all of these apps will cause the battery to drain even faster.Social learning and social cognitive theory the more apps you have on, the faster it will run down. If you are using it in the back country, turn off your data links. If there is limited cell service, your phone will discharge faster if it is looking for a data connection.Social learning and social cognitive theory search and rescue can find you with your phone. But if you loose the battery, it may take longer to locate you. It is a great tool but it should not replace any of the items listed above.Social learning and social cognitive theory