Depressive behaviors include eating too much or too little, having difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much and not partaking in activities that an individual once found pleasure in.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning additionally, a depressed person may be acting destructively by engaging in risky behaviors and may be thinking of ways to hurt themselves. Types of depression

behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

Demoralization is a type of depression for people who try and maintain active goals and interests, but who are unable to participate because they are so ill.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning if you removed the illness, they would be functioning individuals. This differs from major depression because you cannot take away the stress and sadness in major depression and have the person function normally.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

When an individual is feeling depressed, dr. Barnhill stressed that overall they just don’t feel right reporting both physical and mental problems, such as lack of concentration.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning dr. Barnhill stressed that it’s a difficult and cyclical process, because depressed individuals who don’t feel good about themselves think in a very binary fashion which may make them more likely to withdraw from social situations.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

It is common in the general population as well. In any given year, about 10% of the general population will become depressed, without any added stressors.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning in the SLE population, the prevalence of depression in a given year increases to 30%. Dr. Barnhill explained that the increase in depression among those living with lupus can be related to psychological or physical reactions to lupus or the lupus medications, or some combination of those, or the depression can be independent.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning psychological reaction to lupus

Of course, living with lupus is also stressful. We know stress does not cause lupus, but there is some debate about whether stress can cause a lupus flare.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning while there is no definitive link between stress and lupus flares, there does seem to be some kind of association between the two. It would make sense on the surface, but the complicating factor is when you start to undergo a flare you might be more likely to look back at the past month or so and say it was stressful.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

We don’t know how lupus affects the nervous system. Neuropsychiatric lupus is an umbrella term that includes 12 central nervous system conditions as well as 7 peripheral nervous system conditions.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning there is a lot of research dedicated to uncovering the cause and effect relationship of lupus to the nervous system and how it impacts lupus health outcomes.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

Essentially, dr. Barnhill said we don’t have a great understanding of why some people may develop neuropsychiatric lupus conditions, but when you account for conditions such as headaches or cognitive dysfunction, it is clear that for some people living with lupus their central nervous system is affected.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning however, dr. Barnhill stressed that not everyone develops a neuropsychiatric condition. Reaction to lupus medications and treatment

Steroid psychosis is a condition where a patient experiences a psychotic event brought on by steroids.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning lupus cerebritis is an infection in the brain caused by inflammation, but this condition can also lead to psychotic symptoms. If a patient with lupus is experiencing psychosis related to the steroid treatment, it may be necessary to reduce the dosage.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning however, if the psychosis is related to the lupus independently of the steroids, it may be necessary to increase the steroid dosage.

Dr. Barnhill discussed the variety of treatment options that are available to individuals who are depressed.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning he stressed that most of the treatments he recommends for depression do not involve medications. Rather, dr. Barnhill suggests psychotherapy, as well as support groups, exercising, keeping a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and keeping a routine.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

Dr. Barnhill said SSRI’s are the most famous group of medications. This classification includes drugs such as prozac, celexa, lexapro, paxil, and zoloft.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning currently, this group of drugs is most commonly used to treat depression. All the SSRI’s are very similar in their treatment. They all take several weeks to begin working and have relatively mild side effects such as minimal weight gain and problems with the gastroinstential tract.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning on the whole, the SSRI’s are safe, which is why they are so commonly prescribed.

Dr. Barnhill said the above medicines work much of the time, but not all the time.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning somewhere between 20-30% of people will not get better taking these drugs. If the drugs are not working, you and your doctor may want to change them after six weeks or adjust the dosing.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning additionally, your doctor may try some of the older anti-depression medications or try adding stimulants. Dr. Barnhill also added that because depression is a cycle, sometimes people will get better on their own.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning depression and lupus: how you can find help

Ms. Kim noted that research shows that up to 60% of lupus patients will have depression at some point, depending on the factors the researcher is looking at.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning the rheumatology division at HSS and the department of social work programs did a small pilot study last year, using a depression screening tool known as the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and found that depression rates were high.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning they also provided a psychosocial intervention and mental health referrals and found that 80% of patients actually completed the intervention.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning ms. Kim believes the results of this pilot study will be helpful in designing effective interventions for depression in the lupus community.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

The more chronic your lupus symptoms are, the more feelings of depression you may have. Individuals without health insurance have increased rates of depression.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning if an individual feels that they have control over their lupus, they are less likely to feel depressed. African americans and hispanics report more unmet psychosocial needs and higher rates of depression than whites with lupus.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning talk therapy

Ms. Kim then brought up the treatment option of talk therapy, stressing that it’s a personal choice. Sometimes patients will tell ms.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning kim that they would talk about their feelings with their pastor, or a family members, and that’s completely fine, ms. Kim explains. There is no right or wrong choice, she adds.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning something different can work for different people. However, talking to a professional can be beneficial in providing clarity and helping you through a difficult transition.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

CBT is a short-term, focused psychotherapy where a therapist works with you on examining your present day negative thoughts and behavior patterns.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning it is grounded in the understanding that our thinking plays an important role in how we feel and what we do. The therapy sessions are structured and within a set length of time, and the therapist will often assign homework.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning CBT is an active therapy because it requires you to work on issues between sessions. It has been shown to be effective with the lupus population and it is a good therapy option for people who are more solution-focused.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

Interpersonal therapy is not performed on its own; rather it is integrated into CBT or psychodynamic therapy. It is a short-term intervention that focuses on the interpersonal context and building interpersonal skills.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning while depression is not caused by interpersonal stressors, depression can be made worse by interpersonal conflict, and this therapy works to improve this domain.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

This type of therapy combines talk therapy with the practice of meditation. One example is “mindfulness based stress reduction,” which was established by jon kabat-zinn.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning it is a structured 8-10 week course in a group that involves talking, body scanning, meditation, and homework assignments. The focus of the therapy is on reducing pain and improving physical and mental well-being.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning this type of therapy is well researched with patients who have chronic pain, such as patients with fibromyalgia or rheumatoid arthritis.

Ms. Kim said that group support, such as the SLE workshop, or group therapy, which would be more intensive, can be beneficial for patients, as well as peer-to peer support programs such as lupusline® and charla de lupus/lupus chat® or lantern® lupus asian network, all of which are offered at HSS.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning couple and family therapy may also be beneficial, particularly if there is a shifting of roles due to your illness.

It may be difficult to decide what kind of therapy is right for you.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning ms. Kim suggests doing some research on your own and asking your health professionals and friends who have engaged in therapy or are knowledgeable about the subject for advice.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning there is no right answer. Sometimes you may have to “shop around”, meaning try a different type of therapy for a period of time and decide if it is effective for you.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

The same approach goes with finding the right therapist. First impressions of a therapist may not always be right. Try working with your therapist a few sessions in order to decide if you feel comfortable and heard by them.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning when you are looking for a therapist, some good questions to ask are: what kind of therapy they offer, do they have any experience working with chronic illness/ lupus patients, if they offer a consultation, and what their fee is.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning most importantly, ms. Kim stressed that therapy has become much more mainstream and accepted and the stigma of using a mental health provider continues to decline.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning

If you are the family member or friend, it can be frustrating dealing with a depressed loved one. You need to stay patient and connected. Being aware that sometimes depression causes a person to withdraw can help you normalize what is going on with your loved one.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning it might be useful for everyone affected to seek therapy in order to cope with the changes occurring within your family.

Ms. Kim realizes that depending on the style of your provider, sharing your emotions with them can range from easy to difficult.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning she recommends sharing a little bit of your life naturally with your provider at each visit so that a relationship is builds over time, so that if you are ever in a crisis situation, your provider is in a better position to help you.Behavioral and cognitive approaches to learning