To reduce the risk of foodborne illness, it is recommended that foods be cooked to their appropriate internal temperature. For most healthy people who choose to eat raw or undercooked seafood, it may only pose a small health risk but for others the risk can be severe.Cognitive learning piaget foodborne illness can result in severe vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, among other symptoms.

Major types of food poisoning that can result from eating raw or undercooked fish and shellfish include salmonella and vibrio vulnificus.Cognitive learning piaget for raw shellfish connoisseurs, especially raw oyster lovers, you specifically need to know about the risk for vibrio infections. Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium that lives in warm seawater.Cognitive learning piaget while not as common as some other foodborne illnesses, 1,252 people were infected with vibrio in 2014, according to a report from the centers for disease control and prevention.Cognitive learning piaget

To reduce your risk of any type of food poisoning, know that neither hot sauce nor alcohol kills bacteria, despite popular myth. The best rule of thumb is to follow good food safety practices and properly cook all seafood.Cognitive learning piaget prepare fin fish until it reaches 145°F — or until the flesh is opaque and separates easily with a fork; prepare shellfish until the flesh is opaque; or, for clams, oysters, and mussels, until the shells open.Cognitive learning piaget

For people at higher risk for foodborne illness, severe and life-threatening illness may result from consuming raw or undercooked fish and shellfish.Cognitive learning piaget these individuals include those with compromised immune systems, as well as pregnant women, infants, young children and older adults. Raw fish and shellfish consumption is never advised for high-risk individuals.Cognitive learning piaget if you’re in this category, thoroughly cook fish and shellfish. If you’re unsure if you are at risk, consult with your physician or registered dietitian nutritionist.Cognitive learning piaget keeping it safe from market to mealtime

There are a plethora of well-liked raw and undercooked fish and shellfish items on menus today. For healthy individuals who choose to consume these foods, make sure they’re from reputable restaurants or markets that use fresh, high-quality ingredients and follow proper food safety practices.Cognitive learning piaget but be aware of these menu items, especially if you’re in the high-risk category, since they contain raw or undercooked seafood: sushi, sashimi, raw oysters or clams on the half shell, ceviche, crudo, gravlax, poke, tuna tartare and tuna carpaccio.Cognitive learning piaget the bottom line

In the world of step goals and activity trackers, the number 10,000 can sound like a magic one. Many wearable devices that track the number of steps a person takes each day come pre-programmed with a daily goal of 10,000 steps.Cognitive learning piaget but while a large body of evidence shows that physical activity is good for a person’s health and longevity, few studies have examined how many steps a day are associated with good health, particularly long-term health outcomes.Cognitive learning piaget A new study led by investigators from brigham and women’s hospital sought to address this knowledge gap by examining outcomes over an average of more than four years for older women in the women’s health study who had measured their steps for a full week.Cognitive learning piaget the team reports that, among older women, taking as few as 4,400 steps per day was significantly associated with lower risk of death compared to taking 2,700 steps per day.Cognitive learning piaget risk of death continued to decrease with more steps taken but leveled off at around 7,500 steps per day — less than the 10,000 steps default goal in many wearables.Cognitive learning piaget the team’s results are presented today at the american college of sports medicine annual meeting and published simultaneously in JAMA internal medicine.Cognitive learning piaget

“taking 10,000 steps a day can sound daunting. But we find that even a modest increase in steps taken is tied to significantly lower mortality in older women,” said I-min lee, MBBS, scd, an epidemiologist in the division of preventive medicine at the brigham.Cognitive learning piaget “our study adds to a growing understanding of the importance of physical activity for health, clarifies the number of steps related to lower mortality and amplifies the message: step more — even a little more is helpful.”

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To conduct their study, lee and colleagues included participants from the women’s health study, a randomized trial originally conducted to evaluate risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer among women taking low-dose aspirin and vitamin E.Cognitive learning piaget when the original trial ended, participants were invited to participate in a long-term observational study. For the present study of steps and health, almost 18,000 women were asked to wear an actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer device — a research grade wearable — on their hips for seven consecutive days during all waking hours.Cognitive learning piaget the team analyzed 16,741 of the women who were compliant with wearing the device; their average age was 72.

Participants were followed for an average of more than four years, during which time 504 women died.Cognitive learning piaget participants in the bottom 25 percent of steps walked (average of 2,700 steps per day) were at greatest risk of death, with 275 women dying.Cognitive learning piaget those who walked modestly more (average of 4,400 per day) were at 41 percent lower risk of death. Risk of death continued to decrease with more steps walked, up to 7,500 steps per day, after which risk leveled off.Cognitive learning piaget the team also found that for women who walked the same number of steps per day, the intensity — how fast or slow they walked — was not associated with risk of death.Cognitive learning piaget

Due to the observational nature of the study, the authors cannot definitively separate cause from correlation (that is, to differentiate between “do more steps lower mortality?” or “do women in better health step more?”).Cognitive learning piaget however, the team did take several measures to try to ensure that the association observed was more likely causal than not, such as excluding women with heart disease, cancer, diabetes and less than excellent or good self-rated health and excluding the first year of follow-up data.Cognitive learning piaget the findings also are supported by previous experiments showing physical activity causes beneficial changes in short-term markers of health e.G., blood pressure, insulin/glucose levels, lipid profile, inflammation, and more.Cognitive learning piaget

The women’s health study included primarily older, white women, and further studies will be needed in younger and diverse populations to determine if the findings are applicable to other groups, especially those who may, on average, take more steps.Cognitive learning piaget other outcomes — such as quality of life and risk of specific diseases — were not assessed, but will be addressed in future studies.

“of course, no single study stands alone.Cognitive learning piaget but our work continues to make the case for the importance of physical activity,” said lee. “clearly, even a modest number of steps was related to lower mortality rate among these older women.Cognitive learning piaget we hope these findings provide encouragement for individuals for whom 10,000 steps a day may seem unattainable.”