DNF system upgrade can upgrade your system to a newer release of fedora, using a mechanism similar to that used for offline package updates. The updated packages are downloaded while the system is running normally, then the system reboots to a special environment (implemented as a systemd target) to install them.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom once installation of the updated packages is complete, the system reboots again to the new fedora release.

Change the --releasever= number if you want to upgrade to a different system release.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom most people will want to upgrade to the latest stable release, which is 30, but if you're running fedora 28, you might want to upgrade just to fedora 29.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom you can also use 31 for upgrading to branched or rawhide for upgrading to rawhide (warning: those are not stable releases).

Sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora-32-primary• if some of your packages have unsatisfied dependencies, the upgrade will refuse to continue until you run it again with an extra --allowerasing option.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this often happens with packages installed from third-party repositories for which an updated repositories hasn't been yet published. Please study the output very carefully and examine which packages are going to be removed.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom none of them should be essential for system functionality, but some of them might be important for your productivity.

First see common F30 bugs or common F31 bugs to check if the problem is a very prominent issue we already know of.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom if it is not there, search for an existing bug report. If you do not see a report that matches your symptoms, you can file a new report from the search page.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom please follow the bug reporting instructions mentioned in this README and in man dnf.Plugin.System-upgrade.

Yes, if they are set up like regular DNF repositories and do not hard code the repository path.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom commonly-used third party repositories usually work fine, but if you attempt to upgrade prior to or soon after an official fedora release, they may not have updated their repository paths yet, and DNF may be unable to find their packages.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this will usually not prevent the upgrade running successfully, though, and you can update the packages from the third-party repository later.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

With that in mind, if you do have an end-of-life release newer than fedora 20 installed on a system you cannot just discard or re-deploy, you can attempt to upgrade it, though this is a less-tested and less-supported operation.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom you can try to upgrade through intermediate releases until you reach a currently-supported release, or try to upgrade to a currently-supported release in a single operation.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom it is not possible to state with certainty which approach is more likely to be successful.

If you have fedora 20 or earlier installed, you cannot upgrade with DNF system upgrade alone.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom you must upgrade at least part of the way using bare dnf or yum. You can either upgrade to fedora 21 that way and then upgrade the rest of the way using DNF system upgrade, or you can attempt the entire upgrade using bare dnf or yum.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom note this method is in itself not an officially recommended upgrade mechanism. To be frank, any upgrade from fedora 20 or earlier is very much done 'at your own risk'.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

The most common scenario is an upgrade across just one release (e.G. Fedora 29 to fedora 30). However, for the first month or so after a new release comes out, upgrades from the last-but-one release to that release are 'supported', in the sense that we include this scenario in the fedora release criteria, test it for at least clean installs of supported package sets, and will treat bugs discovered in such upgrades as significant.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom the fedora release life cycle is specifically designed to provide this approximate one month 'grace period' so you can choose to upgrade long-lived systems only once every two releases, rather than having to do it every release.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

When upgrading across multiple releases, you may find you need to import the target release package signing key manually. Fedora releases usually only have the package signing keys for the next two releases installed (because they go end-of-life before the N+3 release is branched).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom before fedora 22, it was not consistently the case that every release had keys for the next two releases, either. If dnf complains about a missing key, this is what you must do.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

Most configuration files are stored in /etc. If there are any updates to them and you touched some of those files before, RPM creates new files with either .Rpmnew suffix (the new default config file), or .Rpmsave suffix (your old config file backed up).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom you can search for these files, go through the changes and make sure your custom changes are still included and the new defaults are applied as well.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom A tool that tried to simplify this is rpmconf. Install the package, and then use it as:

If you don't use these, you can consider removing them: dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --extras --exclude=kernel,kernel-*).Cognitive learning theory in the classroom please note that this list is only valid if you have a fully updated system. Otherwise you'll see all installed packages which are no longer in the repositories, because there is a newer update available.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom so before acting on these, make sure you have run sudo dnf update and generate the list of extra packages again. Also, this list might contain packages installed from third-party repositories for which an updated repository hasn't been published yet.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this often involves e.G. RPM fusion or dropbox.

However this could remove packages you do not expect it to do. It is suggested that you do not casually execute this step, but it is useful in certain occasions if you know what you're doing.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom dnf decides that a package is no longer needed if you haven't explicitly asked to install it and nothing else requires it. That doesn't mean that package is not useful or that you don't use it.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom only remove what you are certain you don't need. There's a known bug in packagekit which doesn't mark packages as user-installed, see bug 1259865.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom if you use packagekit (or GNOME software, apper, etc) for installation, this output might list even important apps and system packages, so beware.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom

The system upgrade tool uses distro-sync method by default. If your system stayed partly unupgraded or you see some package dependency issues, you might try to fix it by running another distro-sync manually.Cognitive learning theory in the classroom this tries to make your installed packages exactly the same version as in currently enabled repositories, even if it meant downgrading some packages: