Macrohistory has been defined as ”exploring the past on many different large scales up to and including the largest scales of all, those of cosmology.” [2] capacitating “search of patterns, even laws of social change, macrohistory is thus nomothetic and diachronic [enabling]macrohistorians use the detailed data of historians for their grand theories of individual, social and civilizational change.” [3]

behavioral and cognitive learning

The cerebral cognitive revolution came about when it dawned on humans that, in addition to physical reality, there exist imagined realities. Utilizing this dual reality, humans were able to leverage the power of “shared fictions”, stories, metaphors and myths to bring people together.Behavioral and cognitive learning this made homo sapiens the only animals that can cooperate flexibly in large numbers. By so doing, humankind revolutionized agriculture, built empires and exploited science and technology to achieve industrial and information revolution.Behavioral and cognitive learning the down side of this development is human domination of other biota — both fauna and flora – as well as abiotic forms. With this as an overriding motivation, we are now living in an anthropocene geological-scale age, where human activity has markedly impacted climate change and environmental degradation. [6] it is time to rethink and reset for the sake of humanity’s very survival.Behavioral and cognitive learning

Macrohistory has documented that there has been production revolution: agrarian, industrial to cybernetic. [7] the underlying characteristic of this revolution is the relaxation of labour burden, with capital taking up various tasks and people enjoying more leisure.Behavioral and cognitive learning essentially, capital is a tool for labour – serving as “extra-corporeal limbs.” [8] however, capital-labour substitution is economically incentivized by the falling price of capital relative to that of labour. [9] the question is: how far can this continue?Behavioral and cognitive learning could there be a time when capital does all the work and people rendered completely redundant?

The latter scenario is unlikely because capital is strictly made by human beings, items produced by people to produce goods and services.Behavioral and cognitive learning for people to be irrelevant in capital production, capital would have to be able to produce and reproduce itself, and also program, retool, and maintain itself – plausible, but improbable due to cognitive limitations of artificial intelligence (AI).Behavioral and cognitive learning that human touch is stubbornly needed, although technological unemployment is a real prospect. Economic ecology calls for a rethink and reset, just like the physical environment.Behavioral and cognitive learning

A scenario in AI development is technological singularity, [10] a cleverness convergence of all technologies (bio, information, nano) whereby “there will be no distinction…between human and machine” [11] in terms of brainpower.Behavioral and cognitive learning at that point substitution, combination and permutation of various technologies and human input will be possible in vivo, in vitro and in silico.Behavioral and cognitive learning if and when this happens, it is plausible that all work could be done by machines in “algorithm-only zero-employee companies.” [12]

What options present themselves in post-work futures?Behavioral and cognitive learning human ingenuity is such that one can invest in that which replaces oneself – robots — and earn dividend and/or rental incomes. If all (or most all) work is done by machines, people can enjoy leisure and self-actualization; thus placing humans on a higher level on maslow’s hierarchy of needs. [13] robots could be avatar personal assistants in tasks that can be routinized.Behavioral and cognitive learning robot automation and other taxes could yield sufficient tax to facilitate payment to all people an unconditional universal basic income (UBI), education and universal health care (UHC) so that no one is left behind.Behavioral and cognitive learning the future of work calls for a rethink in the face of a possible paradigmatic shift brought about by unstoppable technological dominance.

[10] the term was coined by john von neumann.Behavioral and cognitive learning see stanislaw ulam, “tribute to john von neumann,” bulletin of the american mathematical society: 5, 64, #3, part 2. It was popularized by venor vinge in his presentation “the coming technological singularity: how to survive in the post-human era” in national aeronautics and space administration (NASA). 1993.Behavioral and cognitive learning vision-21: interdisciplinary science and engineering in the era of cyberspace, pp. 11-22.