When people are thinking about how to best solve a mathematical problem, trying to remember the title of a book, observing a beautiful sunset, retelling a joke they have heard, or thinking about what to do tomorrow, they are involved in cognitive processing.List of cognitive learning strategies cognitive psychology concerns itself with the structure and functions of the mind. Cognitive psychologists are involved in finding out how the human mind comes to know things about the world and how it uses this knowledge.List of cognitive learning strategies cognitive neuroscience combines knowledge about the brain with knowledge about cognitive processes,

The mind can be conceptualised as a set of mental processes that are carried out by the brain.List of cognitive learning strategies IB cognitive level of analysis processes include perception, thinking, problem solving, memory, language and attention. The concept of cognition refers to such processes.List of cognitive learning strategies cognition is based upon one's mental representations of the world, such as images, words, and concepts. People have different experiences and therefore they have different mental representations - for example, of what is right or wrong, or about what girls and boys can and cannot do. This will influence the way they think about the world.List of cognitive learning strategies

One of the fundamental principles of cognitive psychology is that humans are information processors and that mental processes guide behaviour.List of cognitive learning strategies one goal of cognitive research is to discover possible principles underlying cognitive processes. The I B cognitive level of analysis sees the mind as a complex machine - rather like an intelligent information processing machine using hardware (the brain) and software (mental images or representations), according to this line of thinking, information input to the mind comes as bottom-up processing - that is, from the sensory system.List of cognitive learning strategies this information is processed in the mind by to-down processing via pre-stored information in the memory. Finally there is some output in the form of behaviour.List of cognitive learning strategies

Psychologist recognise the importance of cognition in understanding the complexity of human behaviour. IB cognitive level of analysis theories and models are applied to real world scenarios.List of cognitive learning strategies health and sports psychologists have demonstrated that there is a subtle relation about how people think about themselves and how they behave - for example, how they manage to deal with challenges .List of cognitive learning strategies from social psychology we know that people who have fixed ideas about other people (stereotyping) may be more prone to discriminate .

Another finding from cognitive research is that people's memories are not as infallible as the think because of the reconstructive nature of memory.List of cognitive learning strategies researchers have discovered that people do not store exact copies of their experiences but rather an outline which is filled out with information when it is recalled.List of cognitive learning strategies it seems that people may sometimes have what are called false memories, because individuals cannot distinguish between what they have experienced and what they have heard after the event.List of cognitive learning strategies apparently, the brain is able to fabricate illusions which are so realistic that we believe that they are true.

This is very clearly demonstrated in perception, defined as the cognitive process that interprets and organises information from the sense to produce some meaningful experience of the world.List of cognitive learning strategies factors such as context, frequency, or recency seem to influence the way people interpret an ambiguous object or event. This means that what people think is objectively experienced may instead be the result of the brain's interpretation of the object or event.List of cognitive learning strategies

A second principle of the IB cognitive level of analysis is that the mind can be studied scientifically by developing theories and using a number of scientific research methods.List of cognitive learning strategies this is demonstrated in theories and models of cognition that are discussed and continuously tested. Sometimes new findings result in amendments to original models, or a model or theory is simply rejected because the empirical evidence no longer supports it.List of cognitive learning strategies cognitive psychologists have to a large extent used the experimental method because it was assumed to be the most scientific method. However, the experimental tasks did not always resemble what people did in their daily lives.List of cognitive learning strategies even in the 1960s, ulrich neisser said that cognitive psychology had become too artificial and that researchers should not forget that cognition cannot be isolated from everyday experience . This is why cognitive psychologists now study cognition in the laboratory as well as in a daily context.List of cognitive learning strategies

A third principle that defines the IB cognitive level of analysis is that that cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors.List of cognitive learning strategies one of the first to say this was a british psychologist frederich bartlett, who coined the term schema, which is defined as a mental representation or knowledge.List of cognitive learning strategies bartlett was particularly interested in how cultural schemas influenced remembering . He found that people had problems remembering a story from another culture, and that they reconstructed the story to fit in with their own cultural schemas.List of cognitive learning strategies in this research, he demonstrated that memory is not like a digital recorder, but rather that people remember in terms of meaning and what makes sense to them, and this is also why memory is the subject of distortions.List of cognitive learning strategies